Published Studies
2010 to present
Trumble SJ, Norman SA, Crain D, Mansouri F, Winfield Z, Sabin R, Potter CW, Gabriele C, Usenko S. 2018. Baleen whale cortisol levels reveal a physiological response to 20th century whaling. Nature Communications 9:4587. download
Warwick AJ, Duffield DA, Lambourn DM, Jeffries SJ, Rice JM, Gaydos JK, Huggins JL, Calambokidis J, Lahner LL, Olson J, D'Agnese E, Souze V, Elsby A, Norman SA. 2018. Spatio-temporal characterization of pinniped strandings and human interaction cases in the Pacific Northwest, 1991 – 2016. Aquatic Mammals 44(3):299-318. download
Shelden KEW, Goetz K, Hobbs R, Hoberecht LK, Laidre KL, Mahoney BA, McGuire TL, Norman SA, O'Corry-Crowe G, Vos DJ, Ylitalo GM, Mizroch SA, Atkinson S, Burek-Huntington KA, Garner C. 2018. Beluga whale, Delphinapterus leucas, satellite-tagging and health assessments in Cook Inlet, Alaska, 1999 to 2002. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-369, 227p. download
Norman SA, Delaney M, Haman K, Thomas A, Godfroid J, Larsen AK, Nymo IH, Robbe-Austerman S, Quance C, Rhyan J, Lambourn DM, Jeffries S, Rabinowitz P. 2018. Validation of real-time PCR assays for detection of marine Brucella spp. in teleost fish. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 30(1):150-154. download
Norman SA, Flynn K, Zerbini AN, Gulland FMD, Moore M, Raverty S, Rotstein D, Mate BR, Hayslip C, Gendron D, Sears R, Douglas A, Calambokidis J. 2018. Assessment of wound healing in long-term follow-up of tagged gray (Eschrichtius robustus) and blue (Balaenoptera musculus) whales in the eastern North Pacific using photographs. Marine Mammal Science 34(1):27-53. download
Norman SA, Winfield Z, Rickman BH, Usenko S, Klope M, Berta S, Dubpernell S, Garrett H, Adams MJ, Lambourn D, Huggins J, Lysiak N, Clark A, Sanders R, Trumble SJ. 2017. Persistent organic pollutants, stress and sex hormones in harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) with B-cell lymphoma. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology72(4):596-605. doi: 10.1007/s00244-017-0404-y download
Huggins JL, Raverty SA, Norman SA, Calambokidis J, Gaydos, JK, Duffield, DA, Lambourn DM, Rice JM, Hanson, B, Wilkinson, K, Jeffries SJ, Norberg B, Barre, L, 2015. Increased harbor porpoise mortality in the Pacific Northwest, USA: understanding when higher levels may be normal. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 115:93-102, 2015. download
Blue sea star at low tide on Rarotonga, Cook Islands. Taken during trip to do veterinary work for the EHF Animal Clinic. 1996.
Huggins JL, Leahy CL, Calambokidis J, Lambourn D, Jeffries SJ, Norman SA, Raverty S. 2013. Causes and patterns of harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) pup mortality at Smith Island, Washington, 2004-2010. Northwestern Naturalist 94:198-208. download
Norman SA, Beckett LA, Miller WA, St. Leger J, Hobbs RC. 2013. Variation in hematological and serum biochemical values of captive belugas (Delphinapterus leucas). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 44(2):376-388. download
Norman SA, Melli A, Schriewer A, Chouicha N, Wuertz, S, Hobbs RC, Beckett LA, Miller WA. 2013. Occurrence of fecal pathogens in water and sediment samples collected from the upper Cook Inlet, Alaska ecosystem. Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts 15:1041-1051. download
Norman SA, Hobbs RC, Beckett LA, Miller WA. Evaluating stressor contribution to population projections of cetaceans. Submitted to Marine Mammal Science.download
Norman SA, Huggins J, Lambourn DM, Rice J, Duffield D, Calambokidis J, Gaydos J, Carpenter TE, Case JT. 2012. Applications of GIS and spatio-temporal analyses to investigations of unusual marine mammal strandings and mortality events. Marine Mammal Science 28(3): E251-E266. download
Stingray - Tilloo Bank, Bahamas. Earthwatch trip with Diane Claridge & Ken Balcomb. February 1996.
Norman SA, Goertz CE, Burek KA, Quakenbush LT, Cornick LA, Romano T, Spoon T, Miller WA, Beckett LA, Hobbs RC. 2012. Hematology and serum chemistry of wild beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in Bristol Bay, Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 48(1):21-32. download
Norman SA, 2011. Nonlethal anthropogenic and environmental stressors in Cook Inlet beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas). Report prepared for NOAA Fisheries, National Marine Fisheries Service, Anchorage, Alaska. NMFS contract no. HA133F-10-SE-3639. 113 p. download
Norman SA, Garner MM, Berta S, Dubpernell S, Klope M. 2011. Vaginal calculi in a juvenile harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 42(2):335-337. download
Norman SA, Raverty S, Zabek E, Ethridge S, Ford J, Hoang LMN, Morshed M. 2011. Maternal-fetal transmission of Cryptococcus gattii in harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). Emerging Infectious Diseases 17(2):304-305. download
Northern elephant seal, San Simeon CA, 1997
2000 to 2009
Zuerner RL, Cameron CE, Raverty S, Robinson J, Colegrove KM, Norman SA, Lambourn DM, Jeffries S, Gulland FMD. 2009. Geographical dissemination of Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona during seasonal migration of California sea lions. Veterinary Microbiology 137:105-110. download
Norman SA. 2008. Spatial epidemiology and GIS in marine mammal conservation medicine and disease research. Ecohealth 5(3):257-267. download
Norman SA, DiGiacomo RF, Gulland FMD, Meschke JS, Ylitalo GM, Lowry. 2008. Risk factors for an outbreak of leptospirosis in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) in California in 2004. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 44(4):837-844. download
Hobbs RC, Shelden KEW, Rugh DJ, Norman SA. 2008. 2008 status review and extinction risk assessment of Cook Inlet belugas (Delphinapterus leucas). AFSC Processed Rep. 2008-02, 116 p. Alaska Fish. Sci. Cent., NOAA, Natl. Mar, Fish. Serv., 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle WA 98115.download
Douglas AB, Calambokidis J, Jeffries SJ, Lambourn DM, Norman SA. 2008. Incidence of ship strikes of large whales in Washington State. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88(6):1121-1132. download
Sea cucumber - Tilloo Bank, Bahamas. Earthwatch trip with Diane Claridge & Ken Balcomb. February 1996.
Cameron CE, Zuerner RL, Raverty S, Colegrove KM, Norman SA, Lambourn DM, Jeffries SJ, Gulland FMD. 2008. Use of polymerase chain reaction to detect Leptospira infection amongst pinniped populations during a 2004 outbreak along the west coast of North America. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 46(5):1728-1733. download
Gulland FMD, H Pérez-Cortés M, J Urbán R, Rojas-Bracho L, Ylitalo G, Weir J, Norman SA, Muto MM, Rugh DJ, Kreuder C, Rowles T. 2005. Eastern North Pacific gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) unusual mortality event, 1999-2000. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-150, 33p. download
Clarke J and Norman SA. 2005. Results and evaluation of Navy shock trial environmental mitigation of marine mammals and sea turtles. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 7(1):43-50. download
Norman SA, Bowlby CE, Brancato MS, Calambokidis J, Duffield D, Gearin PJ, Gornall TA, Gosho ME, Hanson B, Hodder J, Jeffries S, Lagerquist B, Lambourn DM, Mate B, Norberg B, Osborne RW, Rash JA, Riemer S, Scordino J. 2004. Cetacean strandings in Oregon and Washington – 1930-2002. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 6(1):87-99. download
Norman SA, Hobbs RC, Foster J, Schroeder JP, Townsend FI. 2004. A review of animal and human health concerns during capture-release, handling and tagging of odontocetes. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 6(1):53-62. download
Norman SA, Raverty S, McLellan B, Pabst A, Ketten D, Fleetwood M, Gaydos JK, Norberg B, Barre L, Cox T, Hanson B, Jeffries S. 2004. Multidisciplinary investigation of stranded harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in Washington State with an assessment of acoustic trauma as a contributory factor (2 May – 2 June 2003). U.S. Dep. Commerce, NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NWR-34, 120 p. download
Norman SA and Mead JG, 2001. Mesoplodon europaeus. Journal of Mammalogy: Mammalian Species 688: 1-5. download
Sun star; Picnic Point, WA; July 2010.
